我有个邻居说她以前学过first aid,我看到过她处理她家小孩夹伤手指就很专业。而且她说她的一个同事就是用first aid的方法救过一个被食物噎得快憋死的小孩子。所以我一直非常想有机会去学学这些方法。当然能防患未然地让小孩远离危险也是很重要的责任。

本文发表在 rolia.net 枫下论坛http://www.ou.edu/oupd/choke.htm

Conscious Infant (under 1 year old)
4 Back Blows and 4 Chest Thrusts

To dislodge an object in the airway of an infant:

-Supporting the head and neck with one hand, straddle infant face down, head lower than trunk, over your forearm, supported on your thigh.


-Deliver four back blows, forcefully, with the heel of the hand between the infant's shoulder blades.


-Immediately, while supporting the head, sandwich the infant between your hands and turn onto its back, head lower than trunk, Using 2 fingers, deliver four thrusts in the sternal region.


-Repeat both back blows and chest thrusts until foreign body is expelled or the infant becomes unconscious.


Finger position for chest thrusts: Depress the sternum 1/2 to 1 inch for each thrust. Avoid the tip of the sternum.

Alternate method: Lay the infant face down on your lap, head lower than trunk, and firmly supported. Perform 4 back blows, turn infant as a unit to the supine position, and perform 4 chest thrusts.






Unconscious Infant:
-call for help, or if others respond, call 911
-Perform tongue-jaw lift. If foreign body is visualized, remove it.
-Open the airway (head-tilt/chin-lift), and attempt rescue breathing.
-Perform 4 back blows, then 4 chest thrusts.
-If foreign body is not removed, persist with this sequence:

attempt to visualize,

attempt rescue breathing,

give back blows,

give chest thrusts until successful.

-If foreign body is removed and victim is not breathing, begin the ABC's of CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation):

AIRWAY -open the airway;
BREATHING -if still no breaths, attempt rescue breathing.
CIRCULATION -if no pulse, perform chest compressions.

-When successful, have victim examined by physician as soon as possible.






Conscious Child (over 1 year old)
To dislodge an object from the airway of a child:
-Perform subdiaphragmatic abdominal thrusts (the Heimlich maneuver) as described for adults.

Unconscious Child
If the child becomes unconscious:
-Contimue as for an adult, except

DO NOT PERFORM BLIND FINGER SWEEP IN CHILDREN UP TO 8 YEARS OLD.
Instead, perform a tongue-jaw lift and remove foreign body ONLY IF VISUALIZED.

Note: Abdominal thrusts are not recommended in infants. Blind finger sweeps should not be performed on infants or small children.






Any victim on whom you begin first aid for choking or cardiopulmonary resuscitation must be considered to be in need of advanced life support.

You can reach the Emergency Medical Services network on or off campus in Norman by dialing 911.

In other U.S. communities where 911 phone service is not available be sure to make a list of emergency phone numbers for various emergency services. Many other countries have national emergency numbers (similar to the U.S. 911 system). Check with local officials or the U.S. State Department to determine special emergency numbers you need to know when travelling.更多精彩文章及讨论，请光临枫下论坛 rolia.net

有一次，我自己切到手了， 立即给他看实例。 当然我自己会把刀收好， 炉子只用后两个。 但是有些危险还是要给孩子讲明白的。